Explain Min-Max Search Procedure.


      ·         The min-max algorithm computes the minimax decision from the current state.

      ·         It is used as a searching technique in game problems.
   
      ·         It performs a complete DFS of the game tree.

      ·         Given a game tree, the optimal strategy can be determined by examining the minimax value of each node.

  ·         The minimax value of a node is the utility of being in the corresponding state, assuming that both players play optimally from this stage to the end of the game.

      ·         The minimax value of a terminal state is just its utility.

      ·         Given a choice, MAX will prefer to move to a state of maximum value, whereas MIN prefers a state of minimum value.

Algorithm:

      1.      The start node is MAX (Player 1) node, with current board configuration.

      2.     Expand nodes down (Play) to some depth of look-ahead in the game.

      3.     Apply evaluation function at each of the leaf nodes.

            1.      Back up values for each non-leaf nodes until computed for the root node.
            2.     At MIN (Player 2) node, the backed up value is the minimum of the values associated with its children.

        3.     At MAX node, the backed up value is the maximum of the values associated with its children.

Performance evaluation:

      ·         Completeness: It is considered to be complete if the game tree is of finite size
      
      ·         Optimality: It is considered optimal when it is played against an optimal no. of opponents.

      ·         Time and space complexity: The time complexity is O (bm), and space complexity is O (bm).

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